The Thornback Ray, scientifically known as Raja clavata, is a species of ray found in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean. This fascinating creature is a member of the skate family, known for its flattened body and wing-like pectoral fins.
Description & Characteristics
The Thornback Ray is characterized by its distinctive diamond-shaped body and a maximum size of 105.0 cm. Its dorsal surface is covered in numerous thorn-like spines, which give it its common name. These spines are particularly prominent on the head and shoulders, and they serve as a defense mechanism against predators. The underside of the Thornback Ray is pale and smooth, with five gill slits located behind the mouth. This ray also possesses a pair of large, pectoral fins that extend outwards and are used for swimming and maneuvering. Its color can vary from brown to grey, with darker blotches and spots that provide camouflage in its natural habitat.
Habitat and Occurrence
The Thornback Ray is a benthic species, meaning it lives on or near the seabed. Its depth range extends from 5.0 to 1020.0 meters, and it is commonly found in the neritic zone, which encompasses the shallow waters along coastlines. This ray prefers sandy or muddy bottoms, and it is often observed in areas with a mix of seaweed and rocky outcrops. The Thornback Ray is a prevalent presence in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean, extending from the Arctic to the Mediterranean Sea. This geographical distribution includes the coasts of Europe, including the British Isles, Scandinavia, and the Iberian Peninsula, showcasing its adaptability to varying marine environments.
Taxonomy
The species Raja clavata belongs to the Class: Elasmobranchii, Order: Rajiformes, and Family: Rajidae. This classification highlights its place within the broader spectrum of cartilaginous fishes, specifically within the order that encompasses skates and rays. The Rajidae family, which encompasses the Thornback Ray, is known for its flattened bodies, wing-like pectoral fins, and typically benthic lifestyle.
Feeding
The Thornback Ray is an opportunistic carnivore, with a diverse diet that reflects its benthic habitat. Its feeding habits involve a wide range of prey, including amphipods, clams, crabs, edible crabs, small fishes, isopods, krill, lobster, mantis shrimps, mysis, rock shrimps, shrimps, sepia, snails, worms, and zoobenthos. This dietary flexibility makes the Thornback Ray an important part of the marine ecosystem, contributing to the balance and stability of food webs.
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