Azov Sea

The Azov Sea is a shallow saltwater sea in Eastern Europe, connected to the Black Sea by the narrow Strait of Kerch. It is the smallest sea in the world, with a surface area of approximately 39,000 square kilometers (15,000 sq mi). Notably, it is the least saline sea in the world, with a salinity level around 11 parts per thousand, as compared to 35 parts per thousand for the open ocean.

Three-spined stickleback – Gasterosteus aculeatus

Annular seabream – Diplodus annularis

European pilchard – Sardina pilchardus

Brown meagre – Sciaena umbra

Ocellated Wrasse – Symphodus ocellatus

Black-striped pipefish – Syngnathus abaster

Thornback ray – Raja clavata

Football Jellyfish, Yellow Mediterranean Cabbage Bleb, – Rhizostoma pulmo

Marbled goby – Pomatoschistus marmoratus

European flounder – Platichthys flesus

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Geography and Geology

The Azov Sea is situated north of the Black Sea, with a maximum length of 360 kilometers (220 mi) and a maximum width of 200 kilometers (120 mi). Its average depth is only 7.4 meters (24 ft), and the maximum depth is only 14 meters (46 ft). It is considered a brackish water body, with a significant input of freshwater from the rivers Don and Kuban. The sea is also known for its flat, sandy coastline, with numerous lagoons and estuaries. It is thought to be a relatively young sea, dating back only 7,500 years, having formed after the last glacial period.

Fauna and Flora

Despite its shallowness and low salinity, the Azov Sea is home to a surprisingly diverse ecosystem. The rich supply of nutrients from the rivers flowing into the sea makes it a highly productive ecosystem, supporting a wide range of fish species, including sturgeon, flounder, herring, and anchovy. The sea is also a breeding ground for many migratory bird species, making it an important part of the East Atlantic Flyway. Unfortunately, the Azov Sea has been facing significant environmental challenges in recent years, mainly due to pollution and overfishing, leading to a decline in fish populations and biodiversity.

Surrounding Countries

The Azov Sea is bordered by two countries:

  • Russia
  • Ukraine

Major Cities

Several major cities are located on the shores of the Azov Sea, including:

  • Mariupol, Ukraine
  • Taganrog, Russia
  • Rostov-on-Don, Russia

Climate

The climate around the Azov Sea is humid continental, with hot summers and cold winters. The average water temperature varies significantly throughout the year, ranging from 0°C (32°F) in winter to 30°C (86°F) in summer.

Economic Importance

The Azov Sea has played a significant role in the economic development of the surrounding regions, particularly in terms of fishing, shipping, and tourism. Historically, fishing was a major industry, with the sea once being a major source of sturgeon. However, overfishing and pollution have led to a decline in fish stocks. Shipping is still important for transporting goods through the region, and tourism is becoming increasingly popular, with beaches and resorts along the coast attracting visitors.