LPS Coral – Hydnophora microconos, also known as the “Branching Hydnophora”, is a species of stony coral belonging to the family Merulinidae. This coral exhibits a unique and striking appearance, characterized by its branching growth form and intricate skeletal structure. It plays a crucial role in the marine environment, contributing to the biodiversity and ecological balance of coral reef ecosystems.
Description & Characteristics
Hydnophora microconos is a robust, branching coral with a distinctive, knobby appearance. Its branches are typically thick and irregular, with a somewhat flattened or compressed shape. The coral polyps are small and densely packed, giving the surface of the coral a granular texture. The skeletal structure of Hydnophora microconos is made up of calcium carbonate, which is deposited in a complex, three-dimensional pattern, creating a unique and intricate network of ridges and valleys. This intricate structure provides strength and support, allowing the coral to withstand the forces of ocean currents and wave action. The color of Hydnophora microconos can vary widely, ranging from pale brown to dark brown, orange, or even pink. This color variation is influenced by a number of factors, including the presence of symbiotic algae called zooxanthellae, the amount of light reaching the coral, and the specific location in which the coral grows.
Habitat and Occurrence
Hydnophora microconos is typically found in the Subtidal, sublittoral, infralittoral, deep zone of the oceans from the lower limit of the intertidal zone (intertidal) to the shelf edge at about 200 m water depth. neritic. These areas are characterized by their moderate water depth, relatively stable temperatures, and ample sunlight, which provides the ideal conditions for coral growth. They are commonly found in areas with high levels of water clarity, as this allows for maximum light penetration to support the zooxanthellae that live within their tissues. Hydnophora microconos is often found growing in association with other species of corals, creating complex and diverse reef communities.
Taxonomy
The species Hydnophora microconos belongs to the Class: Hexacorallia, Order: Scleractinia, and Family: Merulinidae. The Hexacorallia are a diverse group of corals characterized by their six-fold symmetry and the presence of stinging cells called nematocysts. The Order Scleractinia, often referred to as stony corals, comprises corals that build hard skeletons of calcium carbonate. The Family Merulinidae, to which Hydnophora microconos belongs, is a group of corals known for their robust, branching growth forms and their ability to tolerate a wide range of environmental conditions.
Feeding
Like many other stony corals, Hydnophora microconos is a heterotroph, deriving its nutrition from a combination of sources. It has a symbiotic relationship with microscopic algae called zooxanthellae, which live within its tissues. These algae photosynthesize, producing energy that is shared with the coral, making light a crucial component of its diet. In addition to its symbiotic relationship with zooxanthellae, Hydnophora microconos also captures and consumes plankton, tiny organisms that drift in the water column. These plankton are captured by the coral’s polyps using their tentacles, which are covered in stinging cells. This combination of feeding methods provides Hydnophora microconos with a diverse and reliable source of energy.
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