Caribbean Sea

The Caribbean Sea, a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean, is a picturesque body of water renowned for its turquoise waters, white-sand beaches, and vibrant coral reefs. A haven for biodiversity, the Caribbean Sea is home to a vast array of marine life, from tiny invertebrates to majestic whales. It lies between North and South America, encompassing the Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, and the northern coast of South America. The Caribbean Sea is a vital economic engine for the region, playing a significant role in tourism, fishing, and shipping.

Sinuous Cactus Coral – Isophyllia sinuosa

Banded Tube Dwelling Anemone – Isarachnanthus maderensis

Cookie cutter shark – Isistius brasiliensis

Dwarf round herring – Jenkinsia lamprotaenia

West Indian Furrow Lobster, Long-handed Spiny Lobster – Justitia longimana

Purple-crowned Sea Goddess – Felimare kempfi

Delicate Tube Worm – Filogranella elatensis

Bluespotted cornetfish – Fistularia commersonii

Common Music Volute – Voluta musica

Harlequin Mitre, Harlequin Miter – Vexillum histrio

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Geography

The Caribbean Sea is bordered by the following countries: Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Cuba, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, the Bahamas, and the various islands that make up the Lesser Antilles. It is connected to the Atlantic Ocean through several straits, the most important of which is the Windward Passage between Cuba and Hispaniola.

Geology

The Caribbean Sea basin was formed millions of years ago due to the collision of tectonic plates. The floor of the sea is a complex landscape with undersea ridges, trenches, and volcanic peaks. One of the most prominent features is the Cayman Trench, the deepest point in the Caribbean Sea, reaching depths of over 7,686 meters (25,220 feet).

Climate

The Caribbean Sea enjoys a tropical climate with consistently warm temperatures and high humidity. Trade winds blow from the east, creating a cooling effect. The region is prone to hurricanes, especially during the hurricane season which runs from June to November.

Water Temperature

The average water temperature in the Caribbean Sea ranges from 25 to 28 degrees Celsius (77 to 82 degrees Fahrenheit). However, it can vary depending on the location and time of year.

Size and Depth

The Caribbean Sea covers an area of approximately 2,754,000 square kilometers (1,063,000 square miles). The average depth is 2,500 meters (8,200 feet), while the maximum depth, as mentioned earlier, is in the Cayman Trench.

Fauna

The Caribbean Sea boasts an incredible diversity of marine life. Some of the notable species include:

  • Fish: A vast array of colorful fish, including angelfish, parrotfish, butterflyfish, and groupers.
  • Mammals: Humpback whales, dolphins, manatees, and seals.
  • Reptiles: Sea turtles, including the endangered hawksbill and leatherback turtles.
  • Invertebrates: Lobsters, crabs, snails, and numerous species of coral.

Tourism

The Caribbean Sea is a major tourist destination, attracting millions of visitors each year. The pristine beaches, crystal-clear waters, and diverse marine life offer a plethora of recreational activities, including swimming, sunbathing, snorkeling, diving, and sailing. The region is also home to numerous historical sites and cultural attractions.

Economic Importance

Beyond tourism, the Caribbean Sea plays a crucial role in the economies of the surrounding countries. Fishing is a major industry, supplying seafood to both local markets and international trade. The sea also serves as a vital shipping route, connecting North and South America. Additionally, oil and gas exploration and production contribute to the region's economic development.