Xeniidae

Xeniidae is a family of soft corals in the order Alcyonacea. Commonly known as “Xeniid corals” or “pulsating xenia”, these corals are distinguished by their pulsating polyps, which extend and retract in a rhythmic fashion. They are found in tropical and subtropical waters worldwide, typically inhabiting shallow reefs and lagoons.

Soft Coral – Unomia stolonifera

Xenia – Sympodium gibbaeum

Soft Coral – Sympodium caeruleum

Red Sea Soft Coral, Pulsating Xenid – Heteroxenia fuscescens

Soft Coral – Asterospicularia randalli

Soft Coral – Anthelia glauca

Characteristics

Xeniid corals are colonial organisms, consisting of numerous tiny polyps that are connected by a common tissue known as the coenosarc. The polyps are typically small, with a single, central mouth surrounded by a ring of tentacles. The tentacles are covered in stinging cells called nematocysts, which are used to capture prey. Xeniid corals are often brightly colored, displaying a variety of hues including purple, orange, yellow, and green.

The most distinctive characteristic of Xeniidae is the pulsating movement of their polyps. This rhythmic contraction and expansion is thought to be a mechanism for increasing water flow over the polyps, enhancing feeding and gas exchange.

Environments

Xeniid corals are found in a variety of marine environments, including reefs, lagoons, and seagrass beds. They prefer shallow, well-lit waters with moderate water flow. They are generally found at depths of less than 30 meters.

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