Trichechidae
Trichechidae is a family of large, fully aquatic mammals commonly known as manatees or sea cows. They are the only surviving members of the order Sirenia, which also includes the dugong. Manatees are herbivorous and inhabit slow-moving rivers, estuaries, coastal areas, and freshwater springs in tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas, Africa, and the West Indies. They are distinguished by their large size, fusiform body shape, paddle-like flippers, and horizontal, fluked tail.
Common Names
The name "manatee" is derived from the Taíno word "manatí." Other common names include "sea cow," "sea hog," "sea calf," and "mermaid." The term "sea cow" is a reference to their herbivorous diet and their tendency to graze on seagrass meadows.
Characteristics
Manatees are characterized by several unique features:
- Large Size: Manatees are among the largest living mammals, with adults typically reaching lengths of 2.5 to 4 meters and weighing between 400 and 1,500 kilograms.
- Fusiform Body Shape: Their streamlined body shape is well-suited for aquatic life, allowing for efficient movement through water.
- Paddle-like Flippers: Manatees have two large, paddle-like flippers that they use for propulsion and maneuvering.
- Horizontal, Fluked Tail: Their tail is flattened horizontally and has a rounded, fluked shape, which provides powerful thrust for swimming.
- Herbivorous Diet: Manatees are herbivores and primarily feed on aquatic plants, including seagrass, algae, and freshwater vegetation.
- Slow Metabolism: They have a slow metabolism, which allows them to survive on a diet of low-energy vegetation.
- Thick, Grayish Skin: Manatees have thick, grayish skin that is covered in a thin layer of hair. This skin provides protection from abrasion and helps to regulate body temperature.
Environments
Manatees inhabit a variety of aquatic environments, including:
- Rivers: Manatees often frequent slow-moving rivers, particularly in areas with abundant vegetation.
- Estuaries: Estuaries provide a transition zone between freshwater and saltwater, offering a diverse range of food sources and shelter.
- Coastal Areas: Coastal areas, including bays, lagoons, and inlets, are also important habitats for manatees.
- Freshwater Springs: In some regions, manatees congregate in freshwater springs, seeking refuge from cold temperatures.
References
For further information on Trichechidae, consult the following resources: