Synoicum
Synoicum is a genus of colonial tunicates in the family Polyclinidae. These animals are commonly known as “sea squirts” due to their ability to forcefully expel water through a siphon when disturbed. They are filter feeders that play an important role in marine ecosystems by consuming plankton and contributing to the recycling of nutrients.
Common Names
Members of the Synoicum genus are often referred to as "colonial sea squirts" or "compound ascidians" due to their colonial nature. The specific common names for individual species within the genus vary depending on location and local dialect.
Characteristics
Synoicum species are characterized by their colonial growth habit, where individual zooids (the individual animals within the colony) are interconnected and share a common tunic. They are typically found in clusters or clumps, often attached to rocks, shells, or other hard surfaces.
The zooids within a Synoicum colony are small and cylindrical, with two siphons: an incurrent siphon for filtering water and an excurrent siphon for expelling waste. These siphons are located on the dorsal side of the zooid and can be retracted into the tunic when threatened.
The tunic, which is a tough, leathery covering that protects the colony, is often brightly colored and can have a variety of textures, depending on the species.
Environment
Synoicum species are found in a variety of marine environments, primarily in temperate and tropical waters. They are typically found in intertidal zones, shallow reefs, and subtidal habitats. Synoicum colonies prefer locations with strong water currents, as this helps to bring them a steady supply of food.
References
More information about Synoicum can be found at the following resources: