Spondyliosoma
Spondyliosoma is a genus of marine fish belonging to the family Sparidae, commonly known as the porgies or sea breams. This genus comprises two species: the common pandora (Spondyliosoma cantharus) and the black pandora (Spondyliosoma emarginatum). These fishes are characterized by their laterally compressed bodies, deep bodies, and prominent dorsal fins.
Common Names
The genus Spondyliosoma is often referred to as "pandora" in common names. However, both species have specific common names:
- S. cantharus: Common pandora, Black sea bream, or Pandora bream
- S. emarginatum: Black pandora, Black sea bream, or Black bream
Characteristics
Spondyliosoma species exhibit several distinct characteristics:
- Body Shape: Laterally compressed, deep bodies
- Dorsal Fin: Prominent, with a distinct notch between the spinous and soft-rayed portions
- Mouth: Small, terminal, with a slightly protrusible upper jaw
- Scales: Large, ctenoid scales covering the body
- Coloration: Varies with species, age, and habitat. Generally, they have a silvery-gray base with darker markings and a prominent black spot on the upper side of the body.
Environment
Spondyliosoma species are found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. They prefer rocky reefs, kelp forests, and sandy bottoms, often found near the coast. They are typically found in depths ranging from the intertidal zone to around 100 meters.
References
For further information on Spondyliosoma, refer to these reliable sources: