Psammobiidae
Psammobiidae is a family of saltwater clams, marine bivalve mollusks. These clams are commonly referred to as sand gaper clams or sunray clams, due to their unique shell features and burrowing habits. They are known for their generally elongated, oval-shaped shells with distinct concentric ridges or “rays,” providing them with their common names. The shell is typically smooth and white, though variations in color and pattern can occur depending on the species and environment.
Characteristics
Psammobiidae clams are characterized by several distinctive features:
- Elongated, oval-shaped shell: Typically longer than wide, with a rounded anterior end and a pointed posterior end.
- Concentric ridges or "rays": The shell surface is adorned with prominent, evenly spaced ridges that radiate outwards from the umbo (the hinge region).
- Smooth, white shell: The shell surface is generally smooth and white, though some species can exhibit shades of brown, yellow, or even reddish-brown coloration.
- Two siphons: Psammobiidae clams possess two siphons - an inhalant siphon for drawing in water and an exhalant siphon for expelling water and waste. These siphons are usually located near the posterior end of the shell.
- Burrowing habit: These clams are burrowing animals, living partially submerged in sandy or muddy substrates.
Environment
Psammobiidae clams are found in a variety of marine environments, inhabiting coastal areas, estuaries, and even some deeper waters. They typically prefer soft, sandy or muddy bottoms, where they can effectively burrow. Some species can tolerate a wide range of salinity levels, making them adaptable to diverse marine habitats.
Distribution
Psammobiidae clams have a global distribution, with species found in both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. They are particularly abundant in temperate and tropical regions.
References
For further information on Psammobiidae, you can consult the following reliable sources: