Gramma
Gramma is a genus of marine fish belonging to the family Serranidae, commonly known as basslets. These small, colorful fishes are renowned for their vibrant hues and delicate, elegant forms. They are predominantly found in the western Atlantic Ocean, inhabiting tropical and subtropical coral reefs.
Common Names
Members of the Gramma genus are commonly referred to as "basslets" due to their taxonomic classification within the Serranidae family. However, they are also known by several other names, including:
- Fairy Basslets
- Gramma Basslets
- Royal Gramma
- Yellowtail Basslet
Characteristics
Gramma species are characterized by their relatively small size, with most species reaching a maximum length of around 10 cm (4 inches). They possess a slender, compressed body shape, often with a distinctive elongated dorsal fin. Their most striking feature is their vibrant coloration, which varies depending on the species. They are generally adorned with a combination of red, orange, yellow, and purple hues.
Environment
Gramma species are primarily found in the western Atlantic Ocean, inhabiting tropical and subtropical coral reefs. They typically reside in shallow, clear waters, often preferring to shelter amongst coral formations and rocky outcrops. These basslets are generally found in areas with moderate water currents and abundant light penetration.
Diet
Gramma species are carnivorous, feeding primarily on small invertebrates, such as plankton, crustaceans, and polychaetes. They are opportunistic feeders, using their long, slender mouths to snatch prey from the water column or from coral formations.
Reproduction
Gramma species are hermaphroditic, meaning each individual possesses both male and female reproductive organs. While they can change sex throughout their lives, they are typically protogynous, meaning they begin life as females and later transition to males. During mating season, males will establish territories and attract females with elaborate courtship displays. Eggs are typically laid on the underside of coral formations or rocky ledges, and males will protect the eggs until they hatch.
References
- Froese, Rainer, and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2023). "Gramma" in FishBase. February 2023 version.
- Smith-Vaniz, W.F. (2001). "Serranidae (Groupers, Anthias, Sea Basses, etc.)". In: Carpenter, K.E., & Niem, V.H. (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 4: Bony fishes part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae). FAO, Rome. pp. 2136-2156.