Dotillidae
The Dotillidae are a family of small, semiterrestrial crabs that belong to the infraorder Brachyura. They are commonly known as “mangrove crabs” or “sesarmid crabs.” These crabs are adapted to living in intertidal zones, especially mangrove forests, where they can tolerate both freshwater and saltwater environments.
Characteristics
Dotillidae crabs typically have a carapace width of less than 5 cm. Their bodies are generally flattened and broad, with a short, triangular rostrum. They possess distinctive, often brightly colored, eyes that are located on stalks. Their legs are long and slender, and they have pincers (chelipeds) that are used for defense and feeding.
Environments
Dotillidae crabs are found in intertidal zones, particularly in mangrove forests, saltmarshes, and mudflats. They prefer areas with plenty of vegetation and shelter from the sun and waves. These crabs are often seen burrowing in mud or sand, or hiding under rocks and debris.
Behavior
Dotillidae crabs are active during the day and feed primarily on algae, detritus, and small invertebrates. They are known for their territorial behavior, with males often defending their burrows and feeding areas. Some species also exhibit complex social interactions, including cooperative feeding and parental care.
Distribution
Dotillidae crabs are widely distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world, including the Indo-Pacific, the Atlantic, and the Caribbean. They are particularly abundant in areas with extensive mangrove forests.