Cynoglossidae
The Cynoglossidae, commonly known as tonguefishes or solefishes, are a family of flatfish in the order Pleuronectiformes. These fish are characterized by their flattened bodies, with both eyes on one side of the head. They are bottom-dwelling fish, inhabiting sandy or muddy bottoms in coastal waters around the world. Cynoglossidae are a diverse group, with over 150 species classified into 15 genera. They are important members of the marine ecosystem, playing a role in the food chain as both predators and prey.
Common Names
Tonguefishes and solefishes are the most common names for members of the Cynoglossidae family. However, individual species may have other regional or vernacular names.
Characteristics
Cynoglossidae exhibit several key characteristics that distinguish them from other flatfish:
- Flattened Body: They possess a highly compressed, asymmetrical body shape, allowing them to lie flat on the seafloor.
- Eyes on One Side: Both eyes are situated on one side of the head, usually the right side. This adaptation allows them to see upwards while remaining concealed on the seabed.
- Blind Side: The underside of the fish is usually pigment-less and lacks an eye.
- Elongated Body Shape: Tonguefishes have a long, narrow body, often resembling a tongue, hence their common name.
- Small Mouth: Their mouths are small and often located on the ventral side.
- Mouth Barbels: Some species have barbels around their mouth, which are sensory organs used for detecting prey.
Environments
Tonguefishes are primarily found in coastal waters, inhabiting sandy or muddy bottoms. They are typically found in shallow to moderate depths, often in areas with some vegetation. Their distribution is worldwide, with species inhabiting various regions, including tropical, subtropical, and temperate waters.