Cymothoa
Cymothoa is a genus of parasitic isopods, commonly known as tongue-eating lice. They are found in the marine environment, primarily in the Atlantic Ocean. These crustaceans are unique for their ability to replace the tongue of their host fish with their own body, acting as a functional replacement for the missing organ. The genus encompasses various species, each adapted to specific fish hosts.
Characteristics
Cymothoa species are typically small, measuring around 1-3 centimeters in length. They have a flattened, segmented body with seven pairs of legs. Their color can vary depending on the species, but they are often brown or grey.
Environment
Cymothoa are found in a variety of marine environments, but primarily in the Atlantic Ocean. They are commonly found on the coasts of Europe, Africa, and North America. These isopods prefer shallow, warm waters and often reside in association with specific fish species.
Life Cycle
The life cycle of Cymothoa involves several stages. Females carry their eggs in a brood pouch located on their ventral side. Once hatched, the young isopods, known as manca, are free-swimming larvae. They eventually settle onto a host fish, where they undergo several molts before reaching their adult form.
Parasitic Behavior
Cymothoa species exhibit an unusual parasitic behavior. After attaching to the fish's gills, they move to the tongue and attach themselves to the base. The isopod then proceeds to sever blood vessels in the tongue, causing it to atrophy. The isopod then becomes the functional replacement for the tongue, feeding on the fish's blood and mucus.
Notable Species
- Cymothoa exigua - This species is known to parasitize several fish species, including the red snapper and the grouper.
- Cymothoa truncata - This species is primarily known for its association with the sheepshead fish.
References
The Tongue-Eating Louse: An Overview of Its Biology, Behavior and Evolution
Tongue-Eating Louse: The Parasite That Replaces a Fish's Tongue