Cominellidae
Cominellidae is a family of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Buccinoidea. This family is widespread in the world’s oceans. The species within the family Cominellidae are commonly referred to as whelks. Some whelks are also known as true whelks, while others are referred to as nassa mud snails or dog whelks. Cominellidae is closely related to the family Buccinidae, but the two families have distinct characteristics, such as the presence of an elongated, spiraled shell and the lack of an operculum in Cominellidae.
Characteristics
The shells of Cominellidae are generally thick and heavy, with a distinct spiral shape. They typically have a long, pointed spire and a wide aperture. The outer lip of the aperture is often thickened and may have teeth or ridges. These shells exhibit a wide range of colors and patterns, often featuring brown, yellow, and orange tones. The animal itself has a muscular foot, a siphon, and a pair of tentacles with eyes at the base.
Environment
Cominellidae species are found in various marine habitats, including rocky shores, sandy bottoms, and mudflats. They are often found in shallow waters but can also occur at depths of several hundred meters. Some species are intertidal, living between the high and low tide marks.
Diet
Cominellidae are carnivorous, feeding primarily on other mollusks, worms, and crustaceans. Their feeding behavior involves using their radula, a ribbon-like structure with rows of teeth, to scrape or pierce their prey. Some species have been observed to use their siphon to detect the presence of prey and to locate it in the sediment.
Reproduction
Cominellidae species reproduce sexually, with external fertilization. The females lay eggs in capsules, which are often attached to rocks, shells, or other substrates. The capsules may contain a single egg or multiple eggs, and they may be covered in a protective layer of jelly or mucus. Once the eggs hatch, the young snails, called veligers, are free-swimming and will eventually settle to the bottom and develop into adults.
References
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