Cladocora
Cladocora is a genus of stony corals belonging to the family Caryophylliidae. These corals are commonly known as cluster corals or grape corals due to their distinctive growth habit. They form massive, rounded colonies with numerous, closely packed polyps, resembling bunches of grapes. These colonies can reach considerable size, contributing significantly to the structure of coral reefs.
Characteristics
Cladocora corals are characterized by their thick, robust corallites (individual coral polyps) with well-defined walls. Their calices (the cup-like openings of the corallites) are typically circular to slightly oval, and the septa (internal partitions within the corallites) are thick and prominent. The corallite walls are often covered in small, spiny projections called "granules" or "tubercles." The polyps themselves are relatively small and have numerous tentacles that extend outwards to capture food.
Environments
Cladocora species are primarily found in the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea, and the eastern Atlantic Ocean. They are typically found in shallow, well-lit waters, often on rocky substrates or on the slopes of coral reefs. They are considered to be relatively tolerant of temperature fluctuations and can survive in areas with moderate water currents.
Species
The genus Cladocora includes several species, with the most common being:
- Cladocora caespitosa: This is the most widespread species, found throughout the Mediterranean Sea and the eastern Atlantic Ocean. It is typically characterized by its massive, rounded colonies and its thick, robust corallites.
- Cladocora debilis: This species is found in the Red Sea and is distinguished by its more delicate corallites and its tendency to form branching colonies.
- Cladocora fruticosa: This species, also found in the Red Sea, is known for its intricate, branching colonies and its delicate corallites.
References
For further information about Cladocora, consult these resources: