Citharichthys
Citharichthys is a genus of flatfish in the family Paralichthyidae, commonly known as the “left-eyed flounders”. This genus encompasses a diverse group of species, most of which inhabit marine environments. They are found in both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, ranging from temperate to tropical waters.
Characteristics
Citharichthys species are characterized by their flattened bodies, which are typically asymmetrical. They possess a single, functional eye on the left side of their body, while the right eye is situated on top of the head, a trait characteristic of flatfishes. This adaptation allows them to lie flat on the ocean floor and effectively camouflage themselves with the surrounding sediment. Their bodies are often covered in scales, and they possess a dorsal fin that extends along the majority of their back, as well as an anal fin along their belly.
Habitat and Diet
Citharichthys species are benthic, meaning they live primarily on the ocean floor. They are often found in a variety of habitats, including sandy bottoms, mudflats, and seagrass beds. They primarily feed on a diet of small crustaceans, worms, and other invertebrates, which they locate and capture using their sensory organs.
Distribution and Species
The genus Citharichthys is distributed throughout both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Some of the most well-known species include:
- Citharichthys stigmaeus (Summer Flounder)
- Citharichthys spilopterus (Spotted Flounder)
- Citharichthys sordidus (Sand Flounder)
- Citharichthys macrops (Big-eye Flounder)
- Citharichthys dentatus (Gulf Flounder)
Conservation Status
The conservation status of various Citharichthys species varies. Some species, such as the Summer Flounder, are considered commercially important and are subject to fishing pressure, while others are less abundant and may be more vulnerable to environmental changes. Many species are listed as Least Concern by the IUCN.