Chironemidae
Chironemidae, commonly known as “sea wasps,” are a family of cubozoan jellyfish found in the Indo-Pacific region. These jellyfish are notable for their potent venom, which can cause severe pain and even death. They are often referred to as “box jellyfish” due to their cube-shaped bell, although they are not closely related to the true box jellyfish (Chironex fleckeri). Chironemidae are carnivorous, feeding primarily on small fish and crustaceans. They are transparent and difficult to see in the water, making them a serious hazard for swimmers and divers.
Common Names
Chironemidae are commonly known as "sea wasps" or "box jellyfish." They may also be called "stinging jellyfish" or "irukandji jellyfish" due to their potent venom and small size, respectively. The name "irukandji jellyfish" is often used for the smaller, more potent species within this family.
Characteristics
Chironemidae have several distinguishing characteristics:
- Cube-shaped bell: Their bell is shaped like a cube, unlike the dome-shaped bells of most other jellyfish.
- Four tentacles: They have four tentacles, each with thousands of stinging cells called nematocysts.
- Eyes: Chironemidae have complex eyes, allowing them to see and navigate their environment.
- Venomous tentacles: The tentacles are covered in nematocysts, which contain a potent neurotoxin. Contact with these tentacles can cause intense pain, muscle cramps, and even death.
Environments
Chironemidae are found primarily in tropical waters of the Indo-Pacific region, including Australia, Southeast Asia, and the Indian Ocean. They prefer warm, shallow waters, often near coastlines and estuaries. However, some species can also be found in deeper waters.
References
Wikipedia: Chironemidae
Natural History Museum: Box Jellyfish
Australian Geographic: Irukandji Jellyfish