Caprellidae
Caprellidae, commonly known as skeleton shrimp, caprellid amphipods, or phantom shrimps, are a family of marine amphipods, small crustaceans that resemble miniature lobsters. They are characterized by their slender, elongated bodies and lack of a carapace (the protective shell found in most crustaceans). Caprellidae are often found clinging to seaweed, sponges, hydroids, and other marine life in shallow coastal waters, particularly in temperate and tropical regions.
Characteristics
Caprellid amphipods exhibit several distinctive features:
- Slender body: Their bodies are long and thin, often resembling a stick or twig.
- Lack of carapace: Unlike most crustaceans, caprellids lack a carapace, leaving their bodies vulnerable.
- Large antennae: They possess long, prominent antennae that are used for sensory purposes.
- Gills on pereopods: Their gills are located on the pereopods, the thoracic appendages used for walking and swimming.
- Raptorial second pereopods: The second pair of pereopods is modified into grasping claws, which they use to capture prey.
Habitat and Distribution
Caprellid amphipods are widely distributed in marine environments worldwide, primarily in shallow coastal waters. They are often found attached to:
- Seaweed
- Sponges
- Hydroids
- Other marine life
They prefer habitats with moderate currents and abundant food sources. Some species can tolerate brackish water conditions.
Diet
Caprellid amphipods are primarily carnivorous, feeding on small invertebrates, including copepods, polychaetes, and other amphipods. They use their raptorial second pereopods to capture and hold prey.
Reproduction
Caprellid amphipods are sexually dimorphic, meaning that males and females exhibit distinct physical differences. Females typically carry their eggs in a brood pouch located on their abdomen. The young hatch as miniature versions of the adults and undergo several molts as they grow.
Ecological Importance
Caprellid amphipods play a significant role in marine ecosystems, serving as both predators and prey. They contribute to the food web by consuming other invertebrates and, in turn, being consumed by larger predators, such as fish and crabs. Additionally, they can be important indicators of water quality and environmental health.