Antipathidae
Antipathidae is a family of cnidarians, commonly known as black corals, that are found in marine environments worldwide. These colonial animals are characterized by their distinctive black, brown, or reddish skeletons, which are composed of a protein-like substance called antipathin.
Common Names
Antipathidae are commonly called black corals because of the color of their skeletons. Other common names include thorny corals, wire corals, and black whip corals.
Characteristics
Antipathid corals are colonial organisms, meaning they are composed of many individual polyps that are connected to each other. These polyps are typically small and have a central mouth surrounded by tentacles. The tentacles of antipathid polyps are covered in stinging cells called nematocysts, which they use to capture prey. Antipathid corals are known for their unique skeletal structures, which are often branched and intricate. These skeletons are made of a protein-like substance called antipathin, which gives them their distinctive black, brown, or reddish color. Unlike true corals (Scleractinia), which build their skeletons of calcium carbonate, antipathin is a protein-based material, making black corals distinct in this respect.
Environment
Antipathid corals are found in a variety of marine environments, from shallow reefs to deep-sea environments. They are typically found in areas with strong currents and low levels of light. Black corals are often found growing on rocks, hard corals, and other substrates. Some species can be found at depths of up to 3,000 meters, while others prefer shallower waters.