Acanthuriformes
The Acanthuriformes, commonly known as surgeonfishes, are a diverse order of perciform fish found in tropical and subtropical marine waters worldwide. They are characterized by their laterally compressed bodies, vibrant colors, and most notably, the sharp, scalpel-like spines located on either side of their tail stalks. These spines, which resemble a surgeon’s scalpel, are used for defense and can inflict a painful wound.
Common Names
Acanthuriformes are commonly referred to as surgeonfishes, tangs, and unicornfishes. These names reflect the distinctive features of these fish, including their sharp spines and the presence of a single, long, pointed horn-like structure on the forehead of some species.
Characteristics
Acanthuriformes exhibit a variety of characteristics that distinguish them from other fish groups. Some key features include:
- Laterally Compressed Body: Their bodies are flattened from side to side, allowing them to maneuver easily through coral reefs.
- Vibrant Colors: They display a wide array of colors, from bright blues and yellows to vibrant oranges and greens, making them a striking sight in the underwater world.
- Scalpel-like Spines: The most distinctive feature of surgeonfishes is the pair of sharp, scalpel-like spines located on either side of their tail stalks. These spines are used for defense and can inflict a painful wound.
- Herbivorous Diet: Acanthuriformes are primarily herbivores, feeding on algae that grow on coral reefs and rocks.
- Small Mouths: Their mouths are small and adapted for scraping algae from surfaces.
Environments
Acanthuriformes are primarily found in tropical and subtropical marine waters. They inhabit a variety of environments, including coral reefs, rocky shores, and seagrass beds. Their ability to graze on algae plays a vital role in maintaining the health of these ecosystems.
References
For further information about Acanthuriformes, refer to these reliable sources: