Acanthuridae
The Acanthuridae are a family of fish in the order Perciformes. They are commonly known as surgeonfish, tangs, or doctorfish, a name derived from the sharp, scalpel-like spines located on either side of their tails. These spines, which can be deployed and retracted, serve as a defensive mechanism and are potent enough to inflict painful wounds.
Characteristics
Acanthuridae are characterized by their laterally compressed bodies, typically oval or disk-shaped. Most species possess bright and vibrant colors, often displaying patterns of stripes, spots, or lines. They have small mouths and are herbivorous, feeding primarily on algae. Their distinctive feature is the presence of one or two sharp, movable spines located on each side of their tail, situated just in front of the caudal fin. These spines, which are covered by a sheath of skin, can be erected when the fish feels threatened. The spines are often serrated and capable of inflicting deep, painful wounds. Other features include a single dorsal fin that runs along the length of the back, a distinct anal fin, and a pair of pectoral fins. Acanthuridae can range in size from a few inches to over three feet in length.
Environments
Surgeonfish are found throughout tropical and subtropical waters worldwide. They are typically found in shallow reefs, lagoons, and seagrass beds. These fish are essential components of the marine ecosystem, contributing to the health of coral reefs by grazing on algae. Their role as grazers helps to prevent the overgrowth of algae, which can harm corals.
Species
The Acanthuridae family consists of 9 genera and approximately 90 species. Some of the most well-known members of this family include:
- Blue Tang (Paracanthurus hepatus): This species is a popular aquarium fish known for its striking blue body with a bright yellow tail.
- Yellow Tang (Zebrasoma flavescens): This tang is another favorite among aquarium enthusiasts, characterized by its bright yellow coloration.
- Naso tang (Naso lituratus): These fish are characterized by their elongated snouts and prominent bony plates on their foreheads.
- Moorish idol (Zanclus cornutus): This species stands out with its elegant, elongated body, vivid colors, and long, flowing dorsal fin.