Acanthastrea

Acanthastrea is a genus of stony corals in the family Merulinidae. They are commonly known as spiny corals due to their characteristic spiny corallites. These corals are found in the Indo-Pacific region, exhibiting a diverse range of colors and forms. They are important reef-building organisms and play a crucial role in the marine ecosystem.

Purple Bullseye – Acanthastrea echinata

Characteristics

Acanthastrea corals have a distinct appearance characterized by their spiny corallites. The corallites are the individual cups or chambers where the polyps reside. Each polyp has a mouth surrounded by tentacles that they use to capture food. The corallites are often arranged in clusters, forming colonies that can be large and complex. The coral's skeleton is made up of calcium carbonate, which provides structural support. The colonies can vary in color, with species showcasing vibrant hues of orange, brown, green, and purple.

Habitat and Distribution

Acanthastrea corals are found in the Indo-Pacific region, extending from the Red Sea and the coast of East Africa to the Pacific Ocean. They prefer shallow, clear water with strong currents and abundant sunlight. These corals typically inhabit reef flats, slopes, and lagoons. They thrive in warm, tropical waters with temperatures ranging from 25 to 30°C.

Species

The genus Acanthastrea includes several species, some of the most common being:

  • Acanthastrea echinata
  • Acanthastrea hemprichii
  • Acanthastrea lordhowensis
  • Acanthastrea plana
  • Acanthastrea regularis
  • Acanthastrea rotundata

Ecology

Acanthastrea corals are important reef-building organisms, contributing to the structural complexity and biodiversity of coral reefs. They provide habitat for a wide variety of marine life, including fish, invertebrates, and algae. They are also a food source for some animals.

Conservation

Like many coral species, Acanthastrea is facing threats from climate change, pollution, and overfishing. Rising ocean temperatures and ocean acidification are causing coral bleaching and disease, which can damage or kill coral colonies. Pollution from land-based sources can also harm corals. The conservation of Acanthastrea and other coral species is important for the health and stability of coral reefs and the marine ecosystem.

References