Western atlantic torpedo – Tetronarce occidentalis

Tetronarce occidentalis, commonly known as the Pacific electric ray, is a fascinating and powerful fish found in the vast waters of the Pacific Ocean. Its ability to generate a strong electrical discharge is a remarkable adaptation for defense and hunting.

Description & Characteristics

Tetronarce occidentalis is a robust, flattened ray with a distinctive diamond-shaped body. The dorsal surface of the ray is typically a grayish-brown color, often with darker blotches or spots. Its ventral surface is lighter in color, often white or cream-colored. The eyes are small and positioned on the dorsal surface, while the nostrils are located on the ventral surface. The mouth is located on the underside of the head, surrounded by numerous small teeth. The pectoral fins are large and wing-like, allowing the ray to maneuver gracefully through the water. The pelvic fins are smaller and located on the ventral surface, just behind the pectoral fins. The tail is relatively short and tapers to a point. The maximum recorded size of Tetronarce occidentalis is 154.0 cm.

Habitat and Occurrence

Tetronarce occidentalis is found in the eastern Pacific Ocean, ranging from Alaska to Baja California, Mexico. This species is typically found on the continental shelf and slope, inhabiting depths from the intertidal zone to over 1,000 meters. It is a common inhabitant of sandy and muddy bottoms, often burying itself in the sediment to ambush prey. Tetronarce occidentalis is a resident of the Neritic zone, which encompasses the waters above the continental shelf and slope, and the bathyal zone, extending from the edge of the continental shelf to depths of around 4,000 meters.

Taxonomy

Tetronarce occidentalis belongs to the Class Elasmobranchii, which includes sharks, rays, and skates. It is classified within the Order Torpediniformes, which consists of electric rays. This species is a member of the Family Torpedinidae, a group of rays known for their powerful electric organs.

Feeding

Tetronarce occidentalis is a carnivorous fish, feeding primarily on a variety of bony fishes, crustaceans, and cephalopods. It uses its powerful electric organs to stun or paralyze its prey before consuming it. The electric discharge produced by this ray can reach up to 200 volts, making it a formidable predator in its environment.