Cyphastrea chalcidicum, commonly known as Stony Corals, is a species of hard coral belonging to the family Merulinidae. This coral species is found in tropical and subtropical regions of the Indo-Pacific, and its distinctive appearance makes it a fascinating subject for marine biologists and coral reef enthusiasts alike.
Description & Characteristics
Cyphastrea chalcidicum is characterized by its solid, massive growth form, often appearing as large, rounded colonies. These colonies can reach considerable sizes, with individual corallites (individual coral polyps) typically measuring between 5 and 10 millimeters in diameter. The coral’s surface is usually covered in a thin layer of tissue, giving it a smooth or slightly textured appearance. The color of Cyphastrea chalcidicum can vary significantly depending on environmental factors and the presence of symbiotic algae, ranging from shades of brown and green to vibrant orange and yellow.
Habitat and Occurrence
Cyphastrea chalcidicum thrives in shallow, reef environments with ample sunlight. It is commonly found in the Indo-Pacific region, inhabiting a variety of marine zones, including the tropical and subtropical waters of the Indian Ocean, the Red Sea, and the Pacific Ocean. The species prefers clear, warm waters with a relatively high salinity level, typically found in depths ranging from the intertidal zone down to 30 meters.
Taxonomy
Cyphastrea chalcidicum belongs to the Class: Hexacorallia, Order: Scleractinia, and Family: Merulinidae. This classification reflects its evolutionary history and shared characteristics with other related coral species. Its placement within the Order Scleractinia highlights its ability to secrete a hard, calcareous skeleton, which forms the foundation of coral reefs.
Feeding
Cyphastrea chalcidicum exhibits a unique feeding strategy, relying on a combination of both autotrophic and heterotrophic methods. This coral species forms a symbiotic relationship with microscopic algae called zooxanthellae, which live within its tissues. These algae perform photosynthesis, providing the coral with a significant portion of its energy requirements. However, Cyphastrea chalcidicum also supplements its diet by capturing and consuming small plankton, including phytoplankton, zooplankton, and other tiny marine organisms. This dual feeding strategy allows the coral to thrive in a variety of environments and adapt to changing conditions. The coral’s ability to capture food at night contributes significantly to its overall health and resilience.
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