The Staghorn Coral, Acropora cervicornis, is a species of branching coral known for its rapid growth and distinctive antler-like appearance. Found throughout the Caribbean Sea and Western Atlantic Ocean, Acropora cervicornis plays a vital role in reef ecosystems, providing habitat and shelter for various marine species. This coral is considered a crucial reef-building species and has been listed as critically endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) due to its significant decline in population.
Description & Characteristics
Acropora cervicornis is easily recognized by its branching structure, resembling the antlers of a stag. The branches grow rapidly and can reach lengths of up to 1 meter. Each branch is covered in small polyps, which are individual organisms that form the coral colony. The color of Acropora cervicornis can vary depending on its location and environmental factors. The coral can range from pale brown to deep yellow, and sometimes displays vibrant shades of green and blue. It prefers warm, clear water and thrives in shallow, well-lit areas, commonly found at depths between 0 and 30 meters.
Habitat and Occurrence
Acropora cervicornis is primarily found in the subtidal, sublittoral, and infralittoral zones, which are marine environments located below the low tide mark. The species can also occur in the deep zone of the oceans, extending from the lower limit of the intertidal zone to the shelf edge at approximately 200 meters water depth. This range places it within the neritic zone, the region of the ocean extending from the shoreline to the edge of the continental shelf. The species thrives in habitats with strong water currents, providing ample nutrient and oxygen flow to its polyps.
Taxonomy
Acropora cervicornis belongs to the Class: Hexacorallia, Order: Scleractinia, and Family: Acroporidae. This family is known for its diverse array of branching, plating, and massive corals.
Feeding
Acropora cervicornis primarily feeds through a symbiotic relationship with zooxanthellae, microscopic algae that reside within its tissues. These algae photosynthesize, providing the coral with energy in the form of sugars. Acropora cervicornis also captures and consumes small organisms, including phytoplankton, plankton, and zooplankton, using its polyps to filter food particles from the water.
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