Pharaoh cardinalfish – Apogonichthyoides pharaonis

Apogonichthyoides pharaonis, commonly known as Apogonichthyoides pharaonis, is a small, brightly colored fish species belonging to the cardinalfish family (Apogonidae). This species is notable for its striking appearance and its preference for shallow, coastal waters.

Description & Characteristics

Apogonichthyoides pharaonis is a relatively small fish, reaching a maximum size of approximately 9.5 cm. It exhibits a distinctive coloration with a bright red body, often adorned with white spots or streaks. These markings can vary in intensity depending on the individual and their environment. Their fins are typically transparent or translucent, contrasting with the vibrant red of their body. This species has a laterally compressed body, meaning its body is flattened from side to side, and a slightly elongated snout.

Habitat and Occurrence

Apogonichthyoides pharaonis is a coastal species that thrives in shallow, tropical waters. It is commonly found in depths ranging from 0.0 to 2.0 meters, particularly within the intertidal zone and nearshore reefs. This species is frequently observed in the marine zones, including the neritic zone (waters extending from the coastline to the edge of the continental shelf).

Taxonomy

Apogonichthyoides pharaonis belongs to the Class: Teleostei, Order: Kurtiformes, and Family: Apogonidae. This classification places it within the broad group of bony fishes, known for their diverse forms and adaptations. The Order Kurtiformes comprises a group of primarily marine fish characterized by their generally elongated bodies and numerous fin rays. The family Apogonidae, often referred to as cardinalfishes, includes a wide variety of small, brightly colored species, many of which exhibit a unique parental care behavior in which the males incubate eggs in their mouths.

Feeding

Apogonichthyoides pharaonis is an opportunistic feeder, primarily consuming a diet of small invertebrates. This includes a variety of zooplankton, such as brine shrimp nauplii, brine shrimps, Cyclops, Daphnia salina, and lobster eggs. Their diet often depends on the availability of food sources in their immediate environment. They use their small mouths and sharp teeth to capture prey in the water column.