The Bearded Seal, scientifically known as Erignathus barbatus, is a large, distinctive pinniped found in the Arctic and subarctic regions of the world. Its unique appearance, characterized by a prominent, bristly moustache-like structure, distinguishes it from other seal species. This seal, which is often referred to as the “bearded seal” for its distinctive facial feature, is a fascinating creature that has adapted well to the harsh conditions of the Arctic.
Description & Characteristics
The Bearded Seal is a robust, heavy-bodied seal, with males reaching an average length of 2.2 meters and a weight of around 350 kilograms. Females are generally smaller, averaging 2 meters in length and weighing about 250 kilograms. Its thick, coarse fur is generally dark gray to brown in color, with a lighter belly. The most striking feature of this seal is its prominent, bristly moustache, which is made up of stiff, whisker-like hairs that protrude from the upper lip. These hairs are thought to help the seal locate prey in murky waters. Additionally, the Bearded Seal possesses large, strong flippers for swimming and a short, blunt snout.
Habitat and Occurrence
The Bearded Seal is primarily found in the Arctic and subarctic regions of the northern hemisphere. It inhabits the cold, icy waters of the Arctic Ocean, including the Bering Sea, the Chukchi Sea, and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Its distribution extends into the North Atlantic, where it can be found as far south as Greenland and Iceland. These seals are considered to be a common inhabitant of the Arctic marine zones, including the Arctic shelf, the Arctic slope, and the Arctic basin. Their ability to thrive in these cold and challenging environments is a testament to their adaptability.
Taxonomy
The species Erignathus barbatus belongs to the Class: Mammalia, Order: Carnivora, and Family: Phocidae. This classification places it within the group of true seals, which are characterized by their lack of external ear flaps and their ability to use their hind flippers for propulsion in the water. The Bearded Seal is the sole species within the genus Erignathus, making it a distinct and unique member of the seal family.
Feeding
The Bearded Seal is a specialized, opportunistic feeder, with a diet that consists primarily of invertebrates, including amphipods, brine shrimp nauplii, clams, crabs, crustaceans, mysis, rock shrimps, schrimps, snails, and worms. It is known to also consume some fish, including small species, but its preference for invertebrates makes it a food specialist. This diverse diet, combined with its ability to forage in both shallow and deep waters, allows the Bearded Seal to successfully navigate the challenging conditions of the Arctic environment. Its diet also includes cnidarians, which are classified as corallivorous, including coral polyps. The Bearded Seal is considered an omnivore, as it can consume a wide range of foods to meet its nutritional needs.
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