Geography

Guatemala covers an area of 108,889 square kilometers (42,042 sq mi), making it the largest country in Central America. The country is divided into 22 departments, each with its own capital. The terrain is mountainous, with a series of volcanic peaks running through the center of the country. The highest point is Tajumulco Volcano, at 4,220 meters (13,845 ft). The country also has a number of lakes, including Lake Atitlán, a stunningly beautiful body of water surrounded by volcanoes.

Population

Guatemala has a population of approximately 18.2 million people. The majority of the population is of Mayan descent, with a significant number of mestizos (people of mixed European and indigenous ancestry). Spanish is the official language, but many indigenous languages are also spoken, including Quiché, Cakchiquel, and Mam. The capital and largest city is Guatemala City, with a population of over 2 million.

Culture

Guatemala has a rich and vibrant culture, deeply rooted in its Mayan heritage. Traditional Mayan textiles, crafts, and music are still practiced today. The country is also known for its colorful festivals, such as the Holy Week processions in Antigua Guatemala. The cuisine is diverse, with influences from Mayan, Spanish, and African cultures. Some popular dishes include tamales, tortillas, and mole.

Economy

Guatemala is a developing country with an economy based on agriculture, tourism, and remittances from Guatemalans living abroad. The country's main agricultural products include coffee, sugar, bananas, and cotton. Tourism is a growing sector, with visitors drawn to the country's historical sites, natural beauty, and adventure opportunities. Guatemala faces a number of challenges, including poverty, inequality, and crime.

History

Guatemala has a long and complex history, dating back to the Pre-Columbian era. The Mayan civilization flourished in Guatemala for centuries, leaving behind a legacy of impressive archaeological sites, such as Tikal and Copán. The Spanish conquistadors arrived in the 16th century, conquering the Mayan territories and establishing Guatemala as a colony. The country gained independence from Spain in 1821. Since then, Guatemala has experienced a turbulent history, including periods of civil war and political instability.

Major Landmarks

Guatemala is home to numerous historical and cultural landmarks. Some of the most notable include:

• Tikal National Park: A UNESCO World Heritage Site, Tikal is one of the most important Mayan archaeological sites in the world. Visitors can explore the ruins of ancient temples, palaces, and pyramids.
• Lake Atitlán: This stunning lake is surrounded by three volcanoes and is considered one of the most beautiful places in Guatemala. It is home to several indigenous villages, each with its own unique culture and traditions.
• Antigua Guatemala: This colonial city is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is renowned for its well-preserved architecture, cobblestone streets, and charming plazas.
• Volcán Pacaya: This active volcano offers visitors the opportunity to hike to the summit and witness the spectacular sight of lava flowing down the slopes.
• Semuc Champey: This natural wonder is a series of limestone pools and waterfalls located in the jungle. Visitors can swim in the crystal-clear waters and enjoy the beauty of the surrounding rainforest.