Ionian Sea
Geography
The Ionian Sea is bordered by Greece to the east, Italy to the west, and Albania to the north. The Strait of Otranto connects the Ionian Sea to the Adriatic Sea. The sea’s eastern boundary is formed by the islands of Corfu, Paxoi, Lefkada, Kefalonia, Zakynthos, and Kythira.
Size and Depth
The Ionian Sea covers an area of approximately 169,000 square kilometers (65,000 square miles). Its maximum depth is 5,121 meters (16,798 feet).
Water Temperature
The Ionian Sea has a Mediterranean climate, characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. The average water temperature ranges from 14-16°C (57-61°F) in the winter to 25-26°C (77-79°F) in the summer.
Fauna
The Ionian Sea is home to a wide variety of marine life, including:
- Fish: tuna, swordfish, bonito, mackerel, sardines, sea bass, grouper
- Whales and Dolphins: bottlenose dolphins, common dolphins, sperm whales, fin whales, loggerhead turtles
- Invertebrates: octopuses, squid, cuttlefish, starfish, sea urchins, corals
The sea is also an important breeding ground for many species, including loggerhead turtles and monk seals. However, the area is facing threats from overfishing, pollution, and climate change, which are impacting marine life.
History
The Ionian Sea has played a significant role in history. Ancient Greek civilizations flourished along its shores, and the region was a major trade route during the Roman Empire.
Tourism
Today, the Ionian Sea is a popular tourist destination, known for its beautiful beaches, clear waters, and historic sites. The islands of Corfu, Zakynthos, and Kefalonia are particularly popular with visitors.