Bay of Biscay

The Bay of Biscay, also known as the Gulf of Biscay, is a large, triangular-shaped bay located on the Atlantic coast of Europe, between the northwest coast of Spain and the southwest coast of France. This bay is known for its rough seas, dramatic cliffs, and rich biodiversity, making it a popular destination for sailing, fishing, and tourism.

Amphipod – Iphimedia obesa

Doubtful Facelina – Facelina dubia

John dory – Zeus faber

Eckström’s topknot – Zeugopterus regius

Black goby – Gobius niger

Sea Urchin – Gracilechinus acutus

Three-bearded rockling – Gaidropsarus vulgaris

Blackmouth catshark – Galeus melastomus

Tope shark – Galeorhinus galeus

Ox-heart Clam, Heart Cockle – Glossus humanus

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Geography and Size

The Bay of Biscay covers an area of approximately 190,000 square kilometers (73,000 square miles), with a maximum depth of 4,735 meters (15,535 feet). The bay extends for about 400 kilometers (250 miles) from east to west and 300 kilometers (190 miles) from north to south. The English Channel, a narrow strait connecting the Bay of Biscay to the North Sea, forms its northern boundary.

Surrounding Countries

The Bay of Biscay is bordered by the following countries:

  • Spain
  • France

Water Temperature and Salinity

The Bay of Biscay experiences significant seasonal variations in water temperature. In summer, the surface temperature can reach 20°C (68°F), while in winter it drops to around 10°C (50°F). Salinity levels are generally high, averaging around 35 parts per thousand.

Fauna

The Bay of Biscay is home to a diverse array of marine life, including:

  • Fish: Cod, haddock, hake, tuna, mackerel, sardines, anchovies, and shellfish like mussels, oysters, and clams
  • Mammals: Dolphins, whales (including fin whales, minke whales, and sperm whales), seals, and sea otters
  • Birds: Seabirds like gulls, terns, and puffins, as well as migratory birds such as geese, ducks, and swans
  • Invertebrates: Starfish, crabs, lobsters, and jellyfish

The bay is an important breeding ground for many species, and its waters support a thriving commercial fishing industry.

Climate

The Bay of Biscay is known for its unpredictable weather, characterized by frequent storms and strong winds, particularly during winter. This is largely due to the confluence of the North Atlantic Current and the prevailing westerly winds, which create a strong wave action and create rough seas. The region also receives a considerable amount of rainfall, especially on the French coast.

Notable Features

Some prominent features of the Bay of Biscay include:

  • The Bay of Arcachon: A large, shallow lagoon on the French coast, known for its oyster farming and sand dunes.
  • The Estuary of the Gironde: A large estuary formed by the confluence of the Garonne and Dordogne rivers, flowing into the Atlantic Ocean via the Bay of Biscay.
  • The Pays Basque: A region on the border of France and Spain, known for its distinctive culture and beautiful coastline.
  • The Rías Baixas: A series of estuaries and inlets on the northwest coast of Spain, known for their fishing villages and scenic beauty.