Zoanthidae
Zoanthidae, commonly known as zoanthids, are a family of colonial, anthozoan cnidarians. They are often called “zoanthid polyps,” “carpet anemones,” or “button polyps,” but are not true anemones. Zoanthids are found in a variety of marine environments worldwide, typically in shallow, tropical and subtropical waters. They are characterized by their small, individual polyps that are typically arranged in clusters or colonies.
Characteristics
Zoanthids are distinguished by several key characteristics, including:
- Colonial nature: Zoanthids live in colonies, meaning they are composed of many individual polyps connected by a common tissue called a "coenosarc."
- Small polyp size: Each polyp is typically just a few millimeters in diameter.
- Simple polyp structure: They lack a distinct pedal disc and have a single opening that serves as both mouth and anus.
- Variety of colors: Zoanthids can exhibit a wide range of colors, including green, brown, orange, red, purple, and yellow.
- Presence of nematocysts: Like all cnidarians, zoanthids have nematocysts, stinging cells used for defense and prey capture.
- Symbiotic relationships: Zoanthids often form symbiotic relationships with algae (zooxanthellae) that provide them with nutrients through photosynthesis.
Environment
Zoanthids are primarily found in shallow, tropical and subtropical waters. They thrive in a variety of habitats, including:
- Coral reefs: Zoanthids are often found growing on coral reefs, either as part of the reef structure or on the surface of corals.
- Rocky shores: They can also be found on rocky shores, in tide pools, and in crevices.
- Seagrass meadows: Zoanthids are sometimes found growing in seagrass meadows.
References
For further information about Zoanthidae, please consult the following references: