Virgularia

Characteristics

Virgularia species are characterized by their distinctive feather-like structure. Their polyp colonies, called "raemata," are arranged along a central axis called the "rachis." Each raemum is composed of numerous polyps that extend from the rachis. The polyps are responsible for feeding and reproduction, and their arrangement creates the characteristic feathery appearance of the colony. The rachis typically tapers at its distal end, which is embedded in the sediment. The base of the rachis is usually anchored to the substrate by a structure called a "peduncle."

Environments

Virgularia species are primarily found in soft-bottom marine environments, typically in shallow to moderate depths. They prefer areas with moderate water flow and abundant food sources. Some species, like Virgularia mirabilis, are known to inhabit depths greater than 200 meters. Virgularia can be found in a variety of habitats, including sand, mud, and gravel bottoms.

Common Names

Virgularia species are often referred to by common names such as:

• Sea pens
• Sea feathers

References

For further information on Virgularia, please refer to the following resources:

• WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species
• A review of the genus Virgularia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Pennatulacea) from the southern Atlantic Ocean