Variola
Variola is a genus of fish in the family Serranidae, commonly known as groupers. There are two recognized species in this genus, both found in the Indo-Pacific region. These fish are characterized by their large size, distinctive coloration, and solitary nature. They are important members of coral reef ecosystems, playing a significant role in the food chain as apex predators.
Common Names
Common names for species in the Variola genus include:
- Giant Grouper (Variola louti)
- Brown-marbled Grouper (Variola albimarginata)
Characteristics
Fish in the genus Variola are characterized by the following features:
- Large size: Both species can reach over 2 meters in length and weigh over 200 kilograms.
- Distinctive coloration: They have a mottled or marbled pattern, with brown, grey, and white markings on their body.
- Solitary nature: They are generally solitary animals, except during spawning season.
- Protogynous hermaphroditism: They are born female and can transition to male later in life.
Environment
Variola species are found in the Indo-Pacific region, inhabiting coral reefs, rocky reefs, and seagrass beds. They prefer areas with strong currents and clear water. They are typically found at depths of 10-100 meters.