Trygonorrhinidae
The Trygonorrhinidae, commonly known as the numbfishes, are a family of stingrays in the order Myliobatiformes. They are distinguished by their flattened bodies, large pectoral fins that are fused to the head, and a single venomous spine on their tails. Numbfishes are found in temperate and tropical waters around the world, primarily in coastal areas and on the continental shelf. They are bottom-dwelling fish that feed on a variety of invertebrates, including crustaceans, mollusks, and worms.
Common Names
Numbfishes are known by a variety of common names, including:
- Numbfish
- Electric ray
- Torpedo ray
- Shovelnose ray
Characteristics
Numbfishes have a number of distinctive characteristics that help to set them apart from other rays. These include:
- A flattened, disk-shaped body with large pectoral fins that are fused to the head.
- A single, venomous spine on the dorsal surface of the tail.
- Two large, electric organs located on either side of the head, which are used to stun prey or deter predators.
- Small, toothless mouths.
- A pair of spiracles, or breathing holes, located behind the eyes.
Environment
Numbfishes are found in a variety of marine environments, including:
- Coastal waters
- Continental shelves
- Estuaries
- Sandy bottoms
- Muddy bottoms
References
For further information on Trygonorrhinidae, please refer to the following sources: