Symphurus
Symphurus is a genus of tonguefishes in the family Cynoglossidae. The genus comprises about 40 species of mostly small, bottom-dwelling fish, known for their flattened bodies and asymmetrical heads. They are distributed worldwide in tropical and subtropical waters, inhabiting sandy or muddy bottoms at depths ranging from the intertidal zone to over 100 meters. Symphurus species are often referred to as “tongue soles” due to their elongated, tongue-like bodies.
Common Names
While "tongue sole" is a common name for Symphurus species, specific names may vary depending on the species and location. For example, Symphurus plagusia is often called the "spotted tonguefish" or "common tonguefish," while Symphurus thermophilus is known as the "warm-water tonguefish."
Characteristics
Members of the genus Symphurus exhibit several defining characteristics:
- Flattened body: Like other flatfish, Symphurus species have a highly compressed body, with both eyes positioned on the same side of the head.
- Elongated shape: Their bodies are typically long and narrow, resembling a tongue, giving them the common name "tongue sole."
- Asymmetrical head: The head is twisted, with both eyes on one side of the head, which is usually the right side.
- Small size: Most Symphurus species are relatively small, with adults typically reaching lengths of less than 20 cm.
- Coloration: Coloration varies depending on the species, but they often exhibit cryptic patterns and colors, helping them blend in with the sandy or muddy seabed.
Environments
Symphurus species are primarily found in marine environments, inhabiting coastal waters and the continental shelf. They prefer sandy or muddy bottoms, where they can bury themselves for protection and ambush prey. Some species may venture into brackish or freshwater environments, but they are primarily saltwater fish.
References
For further information on Symphurus, consult these reliable sources: