Stichopodidae
Stichopodidae is a family of sea cucumbers, commonly known as “sandfish,” “sea slugs,” or “burrowing cucumbers.” This family comprises about 150 species, making it one of the most diverse families within the order Aspidochirotida. Stichopodids are found in a wide range of marine environments, from shallow coastal waters to deep-sea trenches. They are often found buried in sediment or under rocks, and play an important role in nutrient cycling and sediment turnover.
Characteristics
Stichopodids are characterized by their elongated, cylindrical body shape, with a distinct anterior and posterior end. They have a leathery body wall that is often covered in small, spiky tubercles. Their mouth is located at the anterior end and is surrounded by a ring of tentacles, which are used to gather food. Stichopodids also have a pair of respiratory trees, which are used to extract oxygen from the water.
One defining feature of Stichopodidae is the presence of a single row of tube feet on the ventral surface, which they use for locomotion. They also have a unique internal structure called the "Cuvierian tubules," which are defensive organs filled with sticky, toxic substances. When threatened, Stichopodids can expel these tubules, which can deter predators.
Environments
Stichopodids are found in a variety of marine environments, including:
- Coastal waters
- Estuaries
- Reefs
- Deep-sea trenches
They are often found buried in sediment, where they feed on detritus, algae, and small invertebrates. Some species, such as the "sandfish" (Holothuria scabra), are commercially harvested for their meat.
References
For more information about Stichopodidae, please see the following resources:
- World Register of Marine Species: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=124141
- SeaLifeBase: https://www.sealifebase.org/summary/Family-Stichopodidae.html