Stichaeidae

The Stichaeidae, commonly known as pricklebacks or prickle fishes, are a family of fish in the order Perciformes. They are found in marine waters of the North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans, as well as the Arctic Ocean. Pricklebacks are generally small to medium-sized fish, with elongated, slender bodies. They have a distinctive dorsal fin that extends nearly the entire length of their body. These fish are characterized by having several spines on their fins, often referred to as prickles. The spines are believed to play a role in defense and camouflage.

Black prickleback – Xiphister atropurpureus

Rock prickleback – Xiphister mucosus

Arctic shanny – Stichaeus punctatus

Daubed shanny – Leptoclinus maculatus

Snake prickleback – Lumpenus sagitta

Yarrell’s blenny – Chirolophis ascanii

High cockscomb – Anoplarchus purpurescens

Slender cockscomb – Anoplarchus insignis

Common Names

Stichaeidae fish are commonly called pricklebacks or prickle fishes, but other common names may be used depending on the specific species and region. Some other names include:

  • Clingfish
  • Snailfish
  • Slenderfish

Characteristics

Pricklebacks have several distinguishing characteristics that set them apart from other fish. They have a unique body shape:

  • Elongated, slender body: This shape allows them to navigate narrow spaces and crevices in their habitat.
  • Large head with a pointed snout: This allows them to probe into sediment for food.
  • Long dorsal fin: This fin stretches nearly the entire length of the back, aiding in stability and movement in the water.
  • Several spines on the fins: These spines are used for defense against predators and may also play a role in camouflage.

Environments

Pricklebacks are predominantly found in marine environments, specifically in:

  • Coastal waters: They are often found along rocky shores, in tide pools, and among seaweed.
  • Shallow reefs: They inhabit areas with complex structures and abundant food sources.
  • Subtidal zones: Some species may venture into deeper waters, but they are primarily found in relatively shallow environments.

References