Stegostoma

Stegostoma is a genus of sharks belonging to the family Orectolobidae. These sharks are commonly known as “wobbegongs” due to their distinctive appearance and sedentary nature. The genus comprises only two species, Stegostoma fasciatum, the “epaulette shark,” and Stegostoma varium, the “common wobbegong.”

Zebra shark – Stegostoma tigrinum

Characteristics

Wobbegongs are characterized by their flattened bodies, broad heads, and fleshy appendages around the mouth. Their bodies are covered in small, pointed dermal denticles, giving them a rough texture. Their coloration varies by species but typically involves a blend of brown, grey, and white, with distinctive patterns of stripes, blotches, or spots. Their camouflage serves as an effective defense mechanism, allowing them to blend seamlessly with the seabed.

Environment

Wobbegongs are primarily found in coastal regions of the Indo-Pacific Ocean. They inhabit shallow, rocky reefs, seagrass meadows, and mangrove forests, preferring areas with strong currents and abundant prey.

Diet

Wobbegongs are ambush predators, lying in wait on the seabed for prey to approach. They feed mainly on crustaceans, fish, and small invertebrates. Their wide mouths and strong jaws allow them to crush the shells of their prey.

Reproduction

Wobbegongs are ovoviviparous, meaning that the embryos develop within eggs inside the mother's body. The female gives birth to live young, which are typically about 30-40 cm long. The gestation period can vary depending on the species and environmental conditions.

Conservation Status

Both species of Stegostoma are listed as "Near Threatened" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). They face threats from fishing pressure, habitat degradation, and pollution.

References

  • Compagno, L.J.V. (1984). "Stegostoma fasciatum". In W. Fischer, G. Bianchi & W.B. Scott (eds.), FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Vol. 2. Rome: FAO. pp. 637–638.
  • Last, P.R.; Stevens, J.D. (2009). "Stegostoma fasciatum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009: e.T19508A8965577. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T19508A8965577.en.
  • Last, P.R.; Stevens, J.D. (2009). "Stegostoma varium". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009: e.T19510A8965800. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T19510A8965800.en.