Spondylus
Spondylus is a genus of marine bivalve molluscs, commonly known as thorny oysters or spiny oysters. These are a group of brightly colored and heavily calcified oysters that are found in tropical and subtropical waters around the world. They are known for their striking appearance, characterized by their spiny shells and vibrant colors. These species have played significant roles in human history, from their use as tools and adornments by indigenous cultures to their role in the jewelry trade.
Characteristics
Spondylus species are distinguished by their unique shell morphology. They have a thick, irregular, and often spiny shell, which is typically attached to a solid substrate. The shell is composed of two valves, one upper and one lower, and the upper valve is usually the larger and more prominent. The shell color can vary considerably, ranging from bright red and orange to purple and white, and may be patterned with stripes or spots. These oysters are known for their intricate and complex shell structures, which offer protection from predators and provide a stable attachment to the seabed.
Environment
Spondylus species are typically found in shallow, warm waters, often attached to rocky reefs, coral, or other hard surfaces. They are mostly found in tropical and subtropical regions, with a distribution range that extends from the Caribbean Sea to the Indo-Pacific region. These oysters are usually found in depths of 10-50 meters, although some species can tolerate depths of up to 100 meters.
Common Names
Spondylus species are commonly known by various names, including:
- Thorny oyster
- Spiny oyster
- Spondylus oyster
- Thorny scallop
- Murex
References
WoRMS: Spondylus
NCBI: Spondylus: a genus with ancient history and complex evolution
JSTOR: Spondylus: A Global Perspective