Scaridae

The Scaridae, commonly known as parrotfishes, are a family of marine fishes in the order Perciformes. They are found in tropical and subtropical waters worldwide, inhabiting coral reefs, rocky shores, and seagrass beds. Parrotfishes are characterized by their brightly colored, often iridescent scales, their fused teeth forming a beak-like structure, and their unique feeding habits.

Green humphead parrotfish – Bolbometopon muricatum

Gray parrotfish – Sparisoma axillare

West-African Parrotfish – Sparisoma choati

Purple-brown parrotfish – Scarus fuscopurpureus

Reef parrotfish – Sparisoma amplum

Bridled parrotfish – Scarus frenatus

Sparisoma Tuiupiranga – Sparisoma tuiupiranga

Zelinda’s parrotfish – Scarus zelindae

Dusky parrotfish – Scarus niger

Common parrotfish – Scarus psittacus

Next

Characteristics

Parrotfishes are typically small to medium-sized fishes, ranging from 15 cm to 1.5 meters in length. They are known for their vibrant colors, with many species displaying a variety of hues, patterns, and iridescent scales. The most distinctive feature of parrotfishes is their beak-like mouth formed by fused teeth, which they use to scrape algae and other organisms off of coral and rocks. Some species also have sharp incisor teeth for biting off larger pieces of food.

Parrotfishes are diurnal, meaning they are active during the day. They are herbivores and feed primarily on algae, although some species also consume invertebrates and other small animals. They play an important role in maintaining the health of coral reefs by grazing on algae and controlling its growth.

One of the most interesting features of parrotfishes is their ability to secrete a mucous cocoon at night. This cocoon, which encases the fish's body, provides protection from predators while the fish sleeps. In the morning, the cocoon is shed and dissolves in the water.

Environments

Parrotfishes are found in tropical and subtropical waters around the world. They prefer shallow, clear waters with abundant coral reefs, rocky shores, and seagrass beds. They are often seen in groups or schools, and some species can form large aggregations for feeding or spawning.

Diversity

The Scaridae family includes over 90 species of parrotfishes. They are divided into nine genera, with the largest genus being Scarus, containing over 50 species. Some of the most well-known parrotfish species include:

  • Blue parrotfish (Scarus coeruleus)
  • Stoplight parrotfish (Sparisoma viride)
  • Rainbow parrotfish (Scarus guacamaia)
  • Queen parrotfish (Scarus vetula)
  • Red-tail parrotfish (Sparisoma chrysopterum)

References