Pteriidae
The Pteriidae are a family of saltwater mussels, bivalve mollusks in the order Pterioida. This family includes the commercially important pearl oysters. Pteriidae species live throughout the world’s oceans in tropical and subtropical waters, often found attached to rocky substrates, coral reefs, and sometimes in mangroves.
Common Names
Members of the Pteriidae are commonly known as "winged oysters", "pearl oysters", "pen shells", and "fan mussels".
Characteristics
Pteriidae are characterized by their distinctive shell morphology. Their shells are generally thin, flat, and often iridescent. The shells are asymmetrical, with one valve (the right valve) being larger and more convex than the other (the left valve). The hinge line is straight and usually lacks teeth.
A prominent feature of Pteriidae is the byssal apparatus, a bundle of strong, silky threads that allow them to attach to hard substrates. The byssus is produced by a gland in the foot and is used for anchoring, locomotion, and defense.
Many Pteriidae species possess a specialized structure called a "mantle fold" or "pallial fold," which extends from the mantle and forms a cavity that houses the byssal apparatus. This fold also plays a role in reproduction and filter feeding.
Pteriidae are filter feeders, using their gills to collect food particles suspended in the water. They are also hermaphroditic, with individuals capable of producing both eggs and sperm.
Environments
Pteriidae species can be found in a variety of marine habitats, including:
- Tropical and subtropical coral reefs
- Rocky shores and intertidal zones
- Mangrove forests
- Seagrass beds
They prefer areas with strong currents, which bring them food and help them to disperse their larvae.
References
For more detailed information on the Pteriidae, refer to these online resources: