Procellariidae
The Procellariidae are a family of seabirds in the order Procellariiformes, which also includes albatrosses, shearwaters, and petrels. Commonly known as shearwaters, they are a diverse group with over 20 species found worldwide in the oceans. They are known for their long, narrow wings, webbed feet, and distinctive hooked beaks. Procellariidae are highly adapted for a pelagic lifestyle, spending most of their lives at sea, returning to land only for breeding.
Characteristics
Shearwaters are medium-sized seabirds, ranging from 25 to 50 centimeters in length. Their plumage is typically dark grey or brown on the upperparts and white on the underparts. They possess hooked beaks with distinctive tubular nostrils, allowing them to smell prey from afar. These nostrils are situated on the upper beak, which is a unique feature of the Procellariiformes. Their wings are long and narrow, providing efficient soaring flight, and their webbed feet are adapted for swimming.
Diet
Shearwaters are primarily carnivorous, feeding on a variety of marine organisms, including fish, squid, crustaceans, and krill. They are opportunistic feeders, often following fishing vessels and foraging in areas of high prey density.
Reproduction
Shearwaters breed on islands and coastal areas, forming large colonies. They are typically monogamous and form strong pair bonds. Their nests are usually burrows, rock crevices, or under vegetation.
Environments
Procellariidae are found in all oceans of the world, but they are most abundant in the Southern Hemisphere. They are typically found in pelagic waters, but they can also be found near coastlines and in estuaries.
Conservation Status
Many shearwater species are classified as threatened or endangered due to habitat loss, overfishing, and bycatch in fisheries.