Polynoidae
Polynoidae is a family of marine polychaete worms commonly known as scale worms or “squat” worms. They are characterized by their flattened bodies and numerous, overlapping scales (elytra) that cover their dorsal surface. These scales, which are actually modified setae (bristles), provide protection and help the worm to glide through the sediment. Polynoidae are found in a variety of marine environments, including shallow coastal waters, deep-sea trenches, and even hydrothermal vents.
Characteristics
Polynoidae exhibit a range of colors, from vibrant reds and oranges to browns and grays. Their bodies are typically segmented, with each segment bearing a pair of parapodia (fleshy appendages) that aid in locomotion. They possess a well-developed head with sensory antennae and palps, which help them navigate and detect prey. Their mouth is equipped with strong jaws that allow them to grasp and tear food.
Environments
Polynoidae are a diverse group with species adapted to various habitats. They are commonly found:
- Underneath rocks and stones
- Burrowed in sediment
- Attached to corals, sponges, and other marine organisms
- In deep-sea trenches and hydrothermal vents
Some species are even found in symbiotic relationships with other marine animals, such as sea stars and sea urchins.
Diet
Polynoidae are primarily carnivorous and feed on a variety of organisms, including:
- Small invertebrates
- Algae
- Dead organic matter
They use their strong jaws to grasp and tear their prey, and some species are known to be opportunistic scavengers.
Reproduction
Polynoidae reproduce sexually, with most species releasing sperm and eggs into the water column. Fertilization occurs externally, and the resulting larvae develop into adults through a series of larval stages. Some species are known to brood their young, providing protection and care until they are ready to disperse.