Polycarpa
Polycarpa is a genus of tunicates in the family Styelidae. It is a large genus, with over 100 species described. Most Polycarpa species are solitary, but some are colonial. They are commonly known as sea squirts or tunicates, reflecting their characteristic ability to squirt water when disturbed.
Characteristics
Polycarpa species are typically small, ranging in size from a few millimeters to a few centimeters. They have a sac-like body with two siphons, one for inhaling water and one for exhaling water. The body is covered in a tough, leathery tunic. The tunic is often covered in bumps or ridges, giving the animal a rough appearance.
Polycarpa species are filter feeders. They draw water into their body through the inhalant siphon, filter out food particles using their gill slits, and expel the water through the exhalant siphon. They feed on plankton, bacteria, and other microscopic organisms.
Environment
Polycarpa species are found in a variety of marine environments, including:
- Intertidal zones
- Subtidal zones
- Coral reefs
- Seagrass beds
- Rocky shores
They are often found attached to rocks, seaweeds, and other marine substrates. Some species are also found buried in sand or mud.
Reproduction
Polycarpa species reproduce sexually. They are hermaphroditic, meaning that each individual produces both sperm and eggs. Fertilization occurs externally, and the larvae are free-swimming.
References
World Register of Marine Species
A Molecular Phylogeny of the Ascidian Genus Polycarpa (Styelidae: Ascidiacea)