Plexaurellidae
Plexaurellidae is a family of soft corals in the order Alcyonacea. It is part of the subclass Octocorallia, which is characterized by having eight tentacles, unlike hexacorals which have six. Plexaurellidae is found worldwide in tropical and subtropical waters and contains over 200 species. These corals, with their diverse forms, play a crucial role in marine ecosystems by providing shelter and food for other organisms.
Common Names
Plexaurellidae are commonly referred to as "sea fans" or "gorgonians" due to their fan-like shapes. Some species are also known as "sea whips" or "sea plumes" due to their whip-like or feathery forms.
Characteristics
Plexaurellidae corals exhibit a wide range of appearances, but generally share these characteristics:
- Fan-like or branching colonies: Most species form intricate, fan-shaped colonies that can reach significant sizes. They often attach to rocks, corals, and other hard surfaces.
- Colonial polyps: Each individual polyp in the colony is small and has eight feathery tentacles surrounding a central mouth. These polyps are connected by a common polyp base, known as the coenenchyme.
- Sclerites: The colonies are supported by a hard, internal skeleton composed of calcium carbonate spicules called sclerites. These sclerites are unique to each species and provide structural support and protection.
- Coloration: Plexaurellidae corals exhibit a wide range of colors, including yellow, orange, red, purple, and white. Some species may even display bioluminescence, emitting light when disturbed.
Environment
Plexaurellidae corals are found in a variety of marine environments, but generally prefer clear, warm waters with moderate to strong currents. They are most common in tropical and subtropical regions around the world, where they are often found in shallow reef environments, as well as deeper waters. They often thrive in areas with a high density of plankton and other food sources.