Plesiopidae
The Plesiopidae are a family of perciform fish commonly known as “sweepers” or “peacock sweepers”. This group contains around 70 species distributed across 13 genera. They are known for their elongated, compressed bodies with a prominent preopercular spine that contributes to their common name “sweepers.” Their vibrant colors and intricate patterns, especially in the peacock sweepers, make them popular in the aquarium trade.
Characteristics
Plesiopidae fish are characterized by:
- Elongated, compressed bodies: Their bodies are laterally flattened, giving them a streamlined shape.
- Prominent preopercular spine: A sharp, bony projection on the preopercle, a bone in the cheek region. This spine is often venomous.
- Small, protrusible mouths: This allows them to pick up small prey items.
- Large eyes: This is essential for their nocturnal lifestyle.
- Vibrant coloration: Many species exhibit colorful and intricate patterns, especially in the "peacock sweepers."
Environment and Distribution
Plesiopidae fish are primarily found in tropical and subtropical waters around the world. They are associated with coral reefs, rocky outcrops, and seagrass meadows. Most species are found in shallow water, but some may occur at depths of up to 100 meters.
Diet and Behavior
Sweepers are carnivores, feeding mainly on small invertebrates like crustaceans, polychaetes, and mollusks. They are typically nocturnal, hiding during the day in crevices or under ledges and emerging at night to feed. Some species exhibit territorial behavior, defending their chosen areas from rivals.