Pilumnidae

The Pilumnidae are a family of crabs that are commonly known as “shore crabs,” “rock crabs,” or “swimming crabs.” The Pilumnidae are a diverse group of crabs, with over 1,000 species found worldwide. They are found in a variety of marine environments, including rocky shores, sandy beaches, coral reefs, and estuaries.

Spined-back Hairy Crab – Pilumnus sayi

Pilumnus fissifrons

Characteristics

Pilumnidae crabs typically have a broad, flattened carapace, with a pair of prominent, pointed eyestalks. They also have a pair of strong, pincer-like claws, which they use for defense and feeding. Their legs are usually covered in short, stiff hairs, which help them to cling to rocks and other surfaces. Some species in this family are capable of swimming using their paddle-like hind legs.

Habitat and Distribution

Pilumnidae crabs are found in all of the world's oceans, but are particularly abundant in tropical and subtropical waters. They prefer habitats with a variety of hiding places, such as rocks, seaweed, and coral. Some species are also found in freshwater environments, such as estuaries and rivers.

Diet

Pilumnidae crabs are omnivorous, meaning they eat a variety of foods. Their diet includes algae, sponges, worms, mollusks, and other crustaceans. They use their claws to crush and tear apart their prey, which they then consume using their mouthparts.

Reproduction

Pilumnidae crabs reproduce sexually, with females typically carrying their eggs on their abdomen until they hatch. The larvae are free-swimming and go through a number of molts before they settle on the bottom as juvenile crabs.

Economic Importance

Some species of Pilumnidae crabs are commercially fished for food, and others are used as bait for fishing. Some Pilumnidae crabs are also kept as pets.

Classification

Pilumnidae is a large family of crabs, divided into several subfamilies. The most common subfamilies include:

  • Pilumninae
  • Leucosinae
  • Xanthinae
  • Carpiliinae
  • Dromiacea

References