Philine
Philine is a genus of small, predatory sea slugs belonging to the family Philinidae within the order Cephalaspidea. Commonly known as bubble shells or philine slugs, they are characterized by their delicate, translucent shells and their unique ability to capture prey using a specialized, extendable proboscis.
Characteristics
Philines are typically small, ranging in size from a few millimeters to a few centimeters. Their bodies are elongated and somewhat flattened, with a distinct head region bearing two prominent tentacles. They possess a distinctive shell, usually thin and translucent, often with a distinct spiral pattern. This shell is not for protection but serves as a buoyancy aid, allowing the slug to float in the water column. A key characteristic of Philines is their specialized proboscis, a muscular, extendable structure used to capture prey. This proboscis can be extended significantly, allowing the slug to reach into crevices and capture smaller invertebrates.
Environment
Philines are found in a variety of marine environments, from intertidal zones to deeper waters. They are often found on rocky shores, among seaweeds, and in sandy or muddy bottoms. Their distribution is widespread, with species found in both temperate and tropical regions around the world.
Diet
Philines are carnivorous, feeding primarily on small invertebrates, including other sea slugs, worms, and crustaceans. They use their proboscis to capture prey, injecting a paralyzing venom before consuming the animal.
Reproduction
Philines reproduce sexually, with individuals laying eggs in clusters. These eggs are typically attached to surfaces such as rocks, seaweed, or the underside of shells. The larvae of Philines are planktonic, meaning they drift in the water column until they settle to the bottom and undergo metamorphosis into their adult form.