Paralichthyidae
The Paralichthyidae, commonly known as left-eyed flounders, are a family of flatfishes in the order Pleuronectiformes. They are characterized by their flattened bodies, asymmetrical skulls, and eyes that are located on the right side of the head. These fish are found in marine environments worldwide, typically inhabiting coastal waters, estuaries, and sandy bottoms. Left-eyed flounders are important members of their ecosystems, serving as both prey and predators, and are also a significant food source for humans.
Characteristics
Left-eyed flounders are distinguished by a number of unique characteristics:
- Flattened body: Their bodies are compressed laterally, allowing them to lie flat on the seafloor.
- Asymmetrical skull: Their skulls are distorted, with both eyes situated on one side of the head.
- Eyes on the right side: The "right-eyed" side of the body is pigmented and contains the eyes, while the "left-eyed" side is typically blind and pale.
- Small mouth: They have a small, slightly protruding mouth with sharp teeth.
- Fins: They possess a single dorsal fin that extends from the head to the tail, a continuous anal fin, and pectoral fins on the eyed side of the body.
Environments
Paralichthyidae species are primarily found in marine waters around the globe, favoring habitats with sandy or muddy bottoms. They can be found in:
- Coastal waters: These fish are commonly found in shallow, coastal waters, especially near estuaries and inlets.
- Estuaries: Some species can tolerate brackish water conditions and are found in estuaries.
- Sandy bottoms: They prefer sandy or muddy bottoms where they can bury themselves for camouflage and ambush prey.
References
For further information on the Paralichthyidae, refer to the following resources: