Monacanthidae
Monacanthidae is a family of fish commonly known as filefishes. These fish are characterized by their laterally compressed bodies, which are covered in bony plates that resemble sandpaper. They are found in tropical and subtropical waters worldwide, inhabiting shallow reefs, seagrass beds, and rocky shores. Filefishes are unique for their ability to erect a single spine on their dorsal fin, which serves as a defensive mechanism against predators. They feed primarily on algae, invertebrates, and small fish.
Common Names
Filefishes are commonly known as filefishes due to their sandpaper-like skin. Other common names include leatherjackets in Australia, triggerfish in some regions, and monacanthids in scientific contexts.
Characteristics
Monacanthidae members share several defining characteristics:
- Laterally compressed bodies: Filefishes have flattened bodies that resemble a file.
- Bony plates: Their bodies are covered in small, bony plates that give them a rough texture.
- Single dorsal spine: They possess a single, large, and erectile spine on their dorsal fin. This spine can be locked into a position, making it difficult for predators to swallow them.
- Small mouths: Filefishes have small mouths with fused teeth, adapted for scraping algae and consuming invertebrates.
- Variety of colors and patterns: Different species exhibit diverse colors and patterns, often mimicking their surrounding environment.
Environment
Filefishes are found in a wide range of tropical and subtropical marine environments. They are commonly found in:
- Coral reefs: Many filefish species thrive in shallow coral reefs, where they feed on algae and small invertebrates.
- Seagrass beds: Some species inhabit seagrass beds, foraging on algae and invertebrates that live amongst the vegetation.
- Rocky shores: Filefishes can also be found in rocky intertidal zones, where they seek shelter in crevices and feed on algae and small crustaceans.
References
For further information and scientific references, refer to the following links: